Vacuum evaporation techniques by means of electrical resistance heating have been used for the production of very different types of coatings for many years:

• optical coatings (glasses, cameras, binoculars)
• decorative and wear-resisitive coatings (fashion jewels, toys, christmas decoration, lamps)
• reflective coatings (automotive lamps, reflectors)
• electrically conducting coatings
• general functional coatings (television screens, quartz oscillators)

The materials for vapor deposition sources have to be electrically conducting for the purpose of electrical resistance heating. They should also have the lowest possible vapor pressure at high temperatures and the maximum possible melting point since most of the substances are vapor deposited in their molten state.

Refractory metals from PLANSEE like W, Ta or Mo are well suited and are therefore widely used as evaporation sources.

PLANSEE USA supplies:

• Evaporation boats
• Evaporation coils